Answer to the cloning question essays

Answer to the cloning question articles In our general public today there are numerous points that are exceptionally dubious and work up warmed contentions. At the point when you think about these issues, things like fetus removal and capital punishment ring a bell. The a wide margin made in the progression of innovation that must be examined and settled on, this will add to the quantity of contentions. One significant theme that has emerged recently is that of human cloning. The meaning of cloning is the creation of at least one individual plants or creatures (entire or partially) that are hereditarily indistinguishable from a unique plant or creature (Robinson Religious Tolerance). Hereditary analysts disclose to us that now it is just a short time before this is conceivable. Ten years back we would have felt this was so fantastical that researchers could just dream of regularly achieving this accomplishment. Presently it is very nearly a reality. The subject of cloning is a sensitive one since it manages a few different issues, including fetus removal. Along these lines, most of Americans, and the remainder of the world, don't consider human to be as something worth being thankful for. To comprehend the point, you should initially know precisely how something is cloned from another cell. The best guide to show would be the one that put the now on the map cloned sheep named Dolly. Initial, a cell is taken from a benefactor, or the individual who is to be cloned. At that point an unfertilized egg is expelled from another contributor female. At that point the DNA is expelled from the contributor cell and set into the giver egg. The egg is then positioned over into the substitute mother where it develops normally (Robinson Religious Tolerance). At the point when the youngster is conceived, it will be a hereditary match to the individual or creature who gave the first cell or DNA. Genuine human cloning would require taking a physi cal cell, instead of a conceptive cell, for example, an egg or sperm cell, from an individual and expelling its core. The DNA of the physical cell is moved to an enucleated egg cell. In any case, this isn't c... <!

Energy Efficient And Environmentally Friendly Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay

The undermentioned investigation is a basic inside and out examination of Green or Sustainable structure. Green design is an assault to building that lessens unsafe consequences for the earth and to human health. The green inside decorator endeavors to proceed with the common home ground of Earth by using Earth well disposed structure stuffs and building procedures. There are numerous components considered by inside decorators while planing â€Å" green † . The investigation primarily centers around how green plan can populate nearby or even replaces current housing building designs and the favorable circumstances it offers the inhabitants and inside decorators in like manner. The proficient undertaking talked about in the examination is acceptable known and has been talked about/planned the universe over. Any structure whether a house or an office could be planned in a way to shield indoor boundless from outer components, head outline being the conditions. So as to achieve this reason, various components, for example, advanced warming, cooling frameworks, airing and fitting stuffs can be utilized. As such, massive totals of vitality is saved on an everyday balance. Savingss, for example, these non simply have financial advantages to the purchaser, yet alongside to the earth with less unsafe transmissions being created than ordinary vitality ingestion. The investigation is separated into sections and will talk the undermentioned focuses in thing: Presentation on what is Green plan and why the interest for change History of green plan and how it has been utilized all through clasp, focusing on stuffs utilized in the days gone by and the green movement today Standards of Green plan and methodological analysiss consolidated. Instances of Green structure. Focusing on three separate bodies, for example, ; Refurbished Apartment Block, A house and a Commercial physical make-up. How green structure can hold a positive result on vitality productive and ecologically amicable buildings. How Designing and making productsA with new propelled musings will downplay natural corrupt, chop down the utilization of vitality and present the use of exchange vitality. What changes to customary examples are being made to achieve Government marks with delineations of effective current green building endeavors. The modifications required for the great beyond and ask the request on the off chance that it is workable for every single future building to be green. Choice, summing up the focuses examined in the investigation. Presentation The undermentioned part presents green plan and remembers definitions for what is implied by green or economical structure. The part other than examines why the interest to travel ‘green ‘ and the Government checks and request set by the United Nations. In 1983, the United Nations set up the World Commission on Environment and Development ( Bruntland Commission ) . At that point in 1987, the board distributed ‘Our Common Future ‘ , which characterized maintainable ( green ) improvement as: Satisfying the needs of the present without trading off the capacity of future coevalss to run into their ain requests ( MacKenzie, 1991, p10 ) . Maintainability or green plan is characterized by the Design Council as, ‘delivering the best ( cultural, ecological, monetary ) open introduction for the least ( cultural, natural, financial ) cost. ‘ In request for an inside decorator to accomplish supportability an all encompassing assault must be clung to which exchanges with the extent of requests demonstrated by the undermentioned three mainstays of manageable turn of events: Social obligation Ecological assurance Monetary turn of events The spot building industry began using the expression green structures in the late eightiess ( other than alluded to as supportable plan ) transforming a specialty movement of asset effective spots into a tranquil upset, which has simple become a perfect or best way to develop. Fundamentally, Green maintainable building configuration is an a tiny bit at a time place structure methodology to downplay the negative effects on the earth and which is other than asset proficient. The Green assault is a practical answer to a combination of issues that influence we all in present day twenty-four hours life for example changing conditions structures, expanding vitality financial qualities and debilitating H2O assets. Fitting to the UK Green structure Council, which was propelled in February 2007, buildings are liable for around 40 % of our whole C footmark, which adds to crude material use and waste creation. Along these lines, you can reason that buildings immensy affect the earth. ( UK Green Building Council, [ n.d. ] , [ online ] ) Fitting to the Salford University Energy @ the University site, UK family spreads expanded by 40 % somewhere in the range of 1990 and 2005 and 44 % of all UKs ‘ CO2 transmissions originated from residential power ingestion and individual travel. ( University Of Salford, [ n.d. ] , [ online ] ) Join this with the lessening in regular assets and increment in fuel money related qualities, affecting everybody and there is no vulnerability that the UK is making an awful emergency. ( Wicks, M.Woolas, P, 2008, [ online ] ) Natural and ecological aspects, for example, conditions, clime adjustment and contamination are on the insight ordinary. The interest for eco-accommodating stocks and housing is expanding. Moreover, turning cognizance of the potential effects of clime adjustment is affecting how organizations work and the stocks they offer, both creation new markets and diminishing or destructing bing 1s. Robert and Brenda Vale in their book Green Architecture. Plan for a Sustainable Future characterizes green structure as: aë†â ¦green assault to the fabricated condition includes a comprehensive assault to the structure of buildings ; that all the assets that go into a structure, be they stuffs, energizes or the piece of the clients should be thought of if a feasible design is to be producedaë†â ¦ ( Vale, R.Vale, B,1991, p5 ) Blending to the Vales 66 % of whole UK vitality use is represented by structures and building and administrations. This figure proposes that structure and structure building are one of the a large portion of import clients of vitality and assets. So as to attempt issues, for example, ozone exhaustion, common asset wastage, poisonous spreads, the structure plan and building administrations will hold to rethink all structure stuffs creation, building and travel techniques. Protecting spots or using low vitality obvious radiation bulbs will non do quite a bit of a distinction and cardinal modifications are required. ( Vale, R.Vale, B, 1991, p5 )Chapter 1: Past and A ; PresentThe undermentioned section talks about how green plan has been utilized in the days gone by and the various stages or propensities it has experienced up until the present. The section other than talks about a portion of the undertakings accessible from the Government to help individuals travel green.1.1 HistoryGreen configuration may seem like a nearly new build, yet the Anasazi Indians in the U.S. manufactured the primary green spots 1000s of mature ages prior each piece ahead of schedule as 700 A.D. Eric Freed writes in book Green Building and Remodeling for Dummies that couple of their green spot structures included idle sun powered warming and chilling airing frameworks. They were so before their clasp that they other than found a technique for water collection for water system all of which made use of normal, non-harmful stuffs, for example, wood, mud and rock. In spite of the fact that these old green structure contemplations are progressed and acceptable before their clasp, it would in any case be difficult to use them in present day structure programs however the green spots do serve great as a motivation to manufacturers and planners who are keen on be aftering and planing eco-accommodating green spots and networks. Characteristic, reused, non-ordinary and non-poisonous structure stuffs can be only every piece effective in footings of run intoing the model needs of a building while other than facilitating supportability and cut bringing down wellbeing dangers on its inhabitants. Developing plan has experienced a figure of stages from the beginning of time. The first being the expanding toughness and length of administration of the stuffs utilized. Early structure stuffs were sensitive, for example, foliages, developments, and bodily fells. Before long, additionally enduring normal stuffs, for example, rock, timber and earth were utilized. At that point in the end, man-made stuffs, for example, block, solid, metals, and plastic were being consolidated. Another propensity was the interest for bigger structures with impressive stature, which was accomplished by building more grounded stuffs and by cognizing of how these stuffs interfaced with each other to secure the most out of them. Another propensity was to order within the buildings, for example, the ecological aspects like air temperature, obvious radiation and sound degrees and so on, factors that influence human solace. At last going towards the use of amazing apparatus then again of universes in the str ucture building system and how by using these techniques would chop down energy.1.2 Past DecadesBy 1980, the green building movement was only persuade bringing down to be sorted out but since vitality financial qualities were low, individuals did non see the interest to rescue and consequently tiny headway was made. The movement was get bringing down yet was as yet a long way from the considerations framed in before decennaries. ( The regulation of supportable structure, p29 ) . Supporters for manageable plan confronted additional boundaries and Green structure musings were hard to get. Green stuffs were progressively costly and hard to occur. People groups did non hold adequate comprehension and on the grounds that there was non an interest for Green, mistakes were being made. These mixes of elements were non recipes for quick developing and consequently Green was no longer observed as the in-thing. ( The principle of supportable plan, p30 ) .1.3 The twenty-first centuryThe 21st century is the place green or economical structure genuinely lifted off and curiously this dece

Know Money, Win Money! Winter Brewfest (Part 2)

Know Money, Win Money! Winter Brewfest (Part 2) Know Money, Win Money! Winter Brewfest (Part 2) Know Money, Win Money! Winter Brewfest (Part 2)Did you have a good St. Patrick’s Day? Not still hungover, right? Well, even if you are, we think a little hair of the dog  could help, which is why we have another episode of Know Money, Win Money from Winter Brewfest to pour into your glass. We’ve got more ale facts and more money to give away, so take a big sip and dive right in:Do you know which beer brand has made  the most expensive commercial? It’s not Budweiser, with their majestic horses that you can pay thousands of dollars to have show up at your bar mitzvah or quinceanera. It isn’t Bud Light, with their dilly dillies. It’s also not Corona, with their beautiful beaches and endless supply of limes. If you were BRILLIANT you realized it it was Guinness!Guinness created an ad featuring a whole village worth of dominoes tipping over. At $20 million, we can only hope it sold a lot of Guinness. Dont believe us? Check it out for yourself!To cap off our Winter Brewfest conte nt, we asked how much each American drinker spends, on average, on beer in a single year. At least according to a 2014 study.The answer might seem like a lot, or surprisingly little depending on how hard you party.At $1,270 per year, the average American drinker spends a little over $100 on beer per month. So around 1 IPA or 30,000 PBRs.We hope this episode has quenched your thirst for booze knowledge, but fear not! We’ll be back on the streets soon enough. When you see a curly-haired man-boy with an OppLoans shirt and a confused expression at an event near you, be sure to stop by and say hello. You might just  win some money.Check out some of our other recent episodes:Episode 16: Chicago Auto ShowEpisode 15: Con Alt Delete (Part 2)Episode 14: Winter BrewfestWhere would you like to see us go in future episodes? We want to hear from you! You can  email us, or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter

US Military Veterans Cemetery Casualty Records Online

Air Pollution In Pima County - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 700 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Air Pollution Essay Pollution Essay Did you like this example? Air pollution The air pollution in Pima County; large quantity is due to internal combustion vehicles, residents have to adopt conservation habits to prevent the state of Arizona from implementing more regulations in the future. Introduction : Air pollution is a problem that many cities in the United States are currently dealing with. In the city of Tucson AZ, air pollution is a problem that is being controlled. It has been declared that automobiles are the dominant factor compared to other factors in terms of air pollution. In relation, in what grows a community also increases the amount of automobiles. Currently there are environmental regulations of the state that car owners must comply with so that their cars can continue to circulate through the streets of some counties in the state of Arizona. In most cases, complying with these regulations is not enough to control the pollution that most cars emit. There are also recommendations from municipal agencies that suggest ideas to reduce the usual use of the car. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Air Pollution In Pima County" essay for you Create order Air pollution in Pima County has been a concern in recent years; as the population of people who come from other countries or other cities in the United States grows and many of them arrive without knowledge of the problems that exist in the city of Tucson, and for which most of these foreigners are completely uninformed of the recommendations to be made in case of these problems. It has been determined that the increasing number of automobiles, estimated according to the growing number of the population, are the main propitiators of the pollution in the environment; although it has been implemented in some communities of this state the emission test program for every two years to the cars to be able to renew the tags; in most of the times the cars pass the test and many times before the course of two years, the cars fail in their emissions system and begin to pollute the environment until it is time for them to renew plates again and it is then. That problem is recognized, but for that and can take up to one year polluting. Some Tucson are not honest, and they cheat in those tests, for example; the Check engine light goes on, it is often the catalytic converter that is failing, and it is expensive to replace the catalytic converter, but they do a reset to the cars computer and the mechanics know that they should run the car less than 20 miles but before that distance they have to go to be the emission test and surprisingly pass it, but after passing that test it turns on Check engine and the car is contaminating again; the disadvantage of doing that trap is that the car will contaminate and at the same time reduce fuel efficiency and run the risk that the engine of the car will cause serious damages that are more expensive. Also, the lack of periodic maintenance of a car, affects the performance of the car and therefore increases the emission of pollutants. A clear phenomenon of contamination in Tucson is when, the gases are concentrated and creates a sensation that seems to be cloudy, on the horizon towards the Catalinas Mountain during the mornings, but there are no clouds. There are some pollutants in the air that we do not see at a glance like they are: carbon monoxide (CO), Ozone, particulate matter and greenhouse gases. These are mostly harmful to the greeting and even fatal; the organization PAG (Pima Association of Governments) is an organization that is dedicated to studying development programs and they do their research. And they have declared in this year that contamination levels have increased significantly; This type of contamination affects sensitive people, for example: people who suffer from a respiratory problem such as asthma or allergies are the most vulnerable and susceptible to having a complication in their health and with fatal consequences. Actualmet state laws and prohibitions have been made, in order to reduce the pollution of the environment, for example in the winter: the city of Tucson announces through the media that in certain days should not be lit chimneys by the high degree of air pollution.

Pension Plan Paper Free Essays

The Post Retirement Benefit of Pension Plans Marcus Womack Intermediate Accounting II (ACC 306) Professor Rick Kwan September 29, 2010 There are several different types of employment compensation. Salaries and wages that people earn while they are working provide immediate compensation for services provided and are a key factor in managing one’s day to day life. However, there are also various types of compensation that one can earn from employment after they have retired from a company. We will write a custom essay sample on Pension Plan Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of these post-retirement benefits is to ensure livelihood for a person when they are no longer able to work. A pension is one such plan. A pension is an arrangement—paid in regular installments–to provide people with an income when they are no longer earning a regular income from employment. The goal of pension plans is accomplished by setting aside funds during the years that an employee is working and making those funds along with earnings from investing those funds available when retirement occurs. A pension created by an employer for the benefit of an employee is commonly referred to as an occupational or an employer pension and for tax reasons, are usually advantageous to the employer and employee. Favorable tax treatment is an added benefit of pension plans established under specific guidelines. Employers earn special tax deductions while employees are only taxed on the fund contributions after retirement occurs. There are other mutual benefits as well. An employee with a pension plan often feels a sense of retirement security that will cause them to work harder and stay at their job longer. Increased productivity and decreased turnover as a result of sufficient retirement plan offerings enhances a company’s competitive ranking in the labor market. Pension plans may be classified as either defined benefit or defined contribution plans depending on how the benefits are determined. Defined contribution plans are plans in which the employer agrees to contribute a fixed amount to the employee’s pension fund each year that the employee is employed. Retirement benefits are contingent on how much money the plan accumulated during employment and the return of investment of those funds. Employers offer designated options for employees to choose where their funds are invested such as stocks or fixed income securities. 01(k) plans offered by private sector employees and 403(b) plans offered by public and non-profit employers are two types of defined contribution plans. In a defined benefit plan the contract between employer and employee states that the employer contributes a specific amount to a pension fund and at retirement pays the employee a fixed monthly income for life. The benefit on retirement in this plan is determined by a set formula. This formula is usually either a dollar times service or final average pay calculation, or a combination of both. Sometimes the age of the employee is a factor as well. In this arrangement, it is up to the employer to ensure that the funds are available to provide the benefits to employees once they retire. In addition to the burden of being completely financially responsible for funding this type of plan there are other reasons for which defined benefit plans have lost their popularity. Three main reasons are the fact that government regulations make administering the plan costly and cumbersome, employers have become more interested in attracting new talent as opposed to building long-term loyalty and there are several market risks that go along with the company’s obligation to contribute to the plan. Kilgour (2007) discussed many of the issues surrounding pension plan funding and the creation of the Pension Protection Act of 2006. The Bush administration proposed an overhaul of pension law that served to strengthen pension plan funding and protect the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) by increasing the cost of employer contributions. The requirements outlined added significant costs, risk and complexity to defined benefit plan sponsorship and is a contributor to the fact that today more than two-thirds of workers are covered by defined contribution plans. The market risk that exists is associated with the changes in the value of investments with the plans. While both types of plans carry market risks, the risks associated with defined benefit plans lies on the shoulders of the employer while those associated with defined contribution plans are assumed by the employee. During periods of economic growth the cost of maintaining a pension fund decreases due to the rising values of investments. Employers are able to contribute less and still meet future pension obligations. However, when markets go down the employer has to contribute more money to the plan to ensure that they are able to pay retirees their promised funds. Retirees receive the same dollar amount of income regardless of market conditions. With defined contribution plans the risks and rewards are reversed. Since the retiree both assumes risks and reaps benefits, periods of economic growth cause the retiree’s wealth and income to increase and negative market changes cause the opposite to occur. Employers have agreed to a fixed amount and are unable to adjust their contributions downwards. In essence, with this type of pension plan the employer does not take on the risk of their obligation changing unexpectedly, the pension funds being inadequate to meet their obligation or any added periodic expense of carrying a pension plan. Once retirement occurs, the company’s financial commitment ends. The pension obligation is defined as attributable to retirees and other employees entitled to benefits and current employees depending on their service to date. In regards to pension accounting, there are three different ways to measure the pension obligation. Accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and projected benefit obligation (PBO) are two of these methods. The accumulated benefit obligation is the estimate of the total retirement benefits (at their discounted present value) earned by employees so far. It applies the pension formula using existing compensation levels. The ABO assumes that the employee is fired or retires on the date that the calculation is performed and is therefore what the pension fund must pay the employee should the employer and or employee make no further contributions and the employee retires immediately. It is the present value of the future liability of an employee’s pension. In contrast, the projected benefit obligation is the estimate of the total retirement benefits earned by the employee so far and applies the pension formula using estimated future compensation levels. The PBO assumes that the employee will continue to work and make contributions to the pension plan. It also assumes that the contributions to the fund will increase as the employee’s salary increases. While the ABO’s objective estimate of benefits is reliable it does not take into account that between the present time and retirement there will likely be increase in salary so calculating the benefits and taking this increase into consideration may offer a more realistic picture. The projected benefit obligation is an estimate of the present value of the future liability of the pension. When examining a calculation of the PBO, substituting the employees existing compensation in the formula for their projected salary at etirement would result in the accumulated benefit obligation. Pension plan reporting is an often-changing and complex topic of discussion. The funded status of a pension plan is one such aspect. This is the status of the pension plan that has accumulated assets that have been set aside for the payment of retirement benefits. It is defined as the difference between the projected benefits obligation and the fair value of plan assets—employer contributions and accumulated earnings on the investment of those contributions to be used to pay retirement benefits. In Reilly’s (2006) article he discusses the fact that for almost twenty years companies have been required to include the amount owed to employees based on the PBO in the footnotes of financial statements. Even though neither the PBO nor the plan assets are reported on the balance sheet, in 2006 it became a requirement that companies report the difference between these two values on the balance sheets rather than just showing them in the footnotes. Reporting of the funded status sparked debate because moving this information to the balance sheet could force companies to recognize a large liability, which could possibly cut their net worth, hinder dividend payments or jeopardize lending agreements. Reilly argued that this change could prompt more companies to freeze pension plans. Pension obligations change from year to year for several reasons. These reasons include the performance of investments, switching methods and assumptions and changes in benefits. To help provide greater transparency of assets and related liabilities of post-retirement benefits The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has established rules for reporting benefit plans in accounting statements. There are several steps companies must take in this reporting in addition to disclosing the funded status of their plans. First, companies must â€Å"recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, any gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost† (Reinstein, 2007). Amounts of comprehensive income are reported on a cumulative basis in the balance sheet. Companies must also measure defined benefit plan assets and obligations as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year-end balance sheet. In their financial statements companies must disclose certain information about effects on net periodic benefit costs for the next fiscal year that arise from delayed recognition of the gains or losses, prior service costs or credits and transition assets or obligations (Reinstein, 2007). Companies are required to report pension assets for overfunded benefit plans and liabilities for underfunded plans. An actuary, a professional trained in the particular branch of statistics and mathematics to assess the various uncertainties and to estimate a company’s obligation to employees in connection with its pension plan, plays a vital role in post-retirement benefit reporting. Actuaries use skills in mathematics, economics, computer science, finance, probability and statistics to help companies assess the risk of certain events occurring and to help formulate policies that minimize the cost of that risk. In regards to pension benefits, actuaries also address financial questions involving the level of pension contributions required to produce a specific retirement income and the different ways that companies should invest their resources to maximize the return on investments despite the potential risks. Many events, such as death, are inevitable so the role of the actuary is to help a company minimize the financial impacts of those events when they occur since these events can affect both sides of the balance sheets. Managing these risks requires asset and liability management and valuation skills. In conclusion, pension plans are a very important aspect of post-retirement planning which can be beneficial to both employer and employees. To maintain the integrity of their financial statements, it is important for companies to adhere to proposed guidelines for post-retirement reporting and manage their benefits plans wisely. Likewise, it is important for employees to gain full understanding of their companies post-retirement plans before and during employment so that they are adequately prepared for life after their working years. References Kilgour, J. G. (2007). The pension plan funding debate and PPA of 2006. Benefits Quarterly, 23(4), p7-20. Lacomba, Juan A. ; Lagos, Francisco. (2009) Defined contribution plan vs. defined benefits plan: reforming the legal retirement age. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Mar2009, 12(1), p1-11 Reilly, David. (2006) Pension reporting sparks debate. Wall Street Journal, 248(3), pC3. Reinstein, A. (2007). New accounting rules for entities offering post-retirement benefits: some implications for bankers. RMA Journal Spiceland, J. D. , Sepe, J. F. Tomassini, L. A. (2007). Intermediate accounting (4th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. How to cite Pension Plan Paper, Papers

Southwest Still Flies High free essay sample

A case study on Southwest Airlines management process. Submitted To Group – K Roll Name Q: Name at least two things that Southwest is doing efficiently. Name at least two things that Southwest is doing effectively. In what ways do efficiency and effectiveness support each other at Southwest? In what ways do they contradict each other? Answer: Efficiency at Southwest Airlines: Efficiency or being efficient in business terms means using an organization’s resources (Human, Finance, Physical and Informational) wisely and in a cost effective way. Efficiency is using managerial skills to minimize losses and reduce expenditure while maximizing the organization’s profits. From this perspective Southwest Airlines has shown efficiency in a couple of factors. This are- Point-to-point schedule Standard aircrafts Carefully chosen routes Carrier operation Point-to-point schedule: Southwest did not adopt the hub-and-spoke system preferring a short-haul, point-to-point schedule instead. Carrier operation: The carrier operates out of smaller, less expensive airports in many major markets. We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest Still Flies High or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Effectiveness in Southwest Airlines:Effectiveness in business terms means making the right decisions and successfully implementing them. Southwest Airlines have shown effectiveness in the following parts- Successful low-cost carrier Use of human resources Successful low-cost carrier: Southwest Airlines is one of the biggest low cost carriers in the world. It uses less capital than any other carriers in United States and maintains their low-cost idea intact. Analyst’s estimates that major carriers would need to reduce expenses by 18. 6 billion to match up its low cost performance.Most other of its competitors can not effectively manage their carriers to counter against Southwest’s strategies. So, it has successfully achieved most of its goals and is a step ahead in the competition. Use of human resources: Although Southwest is highly unionized; it has never experienced a labor strike. That means Southwest use human resource effectively. Successful organizations are both efficient and effective. The Business of Ethics highlights the impact businesses can have when they balance efficiency and effectiveness with social awareness about their role in protecting the natural environment.Efficient actions which are effective: 1. As mentioned, Southwest is a low-cost carrier. The company uses its resources strategically. The company flies only one type of jet (which is standard), prefers a short-haul point-to-point schedule and tries to cut down their expenditure as much as possible. So, the company directs its resources efficiently and fulfilled the organizations goals as a low cost carrier. 2. Southwest focuses greatly on their customers. Customer satisfaction is a top priority at Southwest. It maintains personalized services and customer loyalty.This helps them attain more customer and increase popularity and profits. 3. Southwest’s human resource planning despite being unionized proved to be efficient. They negotiate every union contract personally, never experienced labor strike and seldom have conflicts. This proves they made the right decisions in employee management and has successfully implement them thus making the planning and determining courses of action part of management effective. Actions which were ineffective: 1. According to the passage, Southwest’s stock price is down and there are only a few profits to be shared just now.So, there might some dilemma in the organization. Dilemmas usually indicate that the managing isn’t very effective. 2. It’s been said that Southwest has a no-frills model. Though this is a way to keep the workers assiduous it might have a negative effect on employees sometimes. This concludes the suppositions of efficiency and effectiveness in Southwest’s business actions. Q: Based on the information in the case, describe the managerial skills that Colleeen Barrett and Jim Parker use in their jobs at Southwest. Answer: Colleen Barrett:She first joined as a secretary in the organization. Later she was appointed to human resource manager and eventually became president and chief operating officer. She and Jim Parker have done an exemplary job of carrying the on the carriers tradition of success. Jim Parker: Jim Parker was the company’s corporate counselor. In 2001 when founder and CEO Herb Kelleher retired from his position he assumed the role of CEO and vice president of the board of directors. He and Colleen Barrett have done an exemplary job of carrying the on the carriers tradition of success.The basic managerial skills are- Skill Name Definition Technical skills Understanding the specific kind of work being done in an organization. Interpersonal skills The ability to communicate with, understand and motivate both individuals and groups. Conceptual skills The manager’s ability to think in the abstract. Diagnostic skills The ability to visualize the most appropriate response to a situation. Communication skills Abilities both to effectively convey ideas and information to other and to effectively receive ideas and information from others. Decision-Making skillsThe manager’s ability to correctly define problems and opportunities and to then select an appropriate course of action. Time-Management skills The manager’s ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and to delegate appropriately. By studying these basic skills we find the skills that Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett use in their jobs as top managers. Which are- Decision-Making skills: Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett made use of their decision making skills by recognizing certain flaws in the way their predecessors handled certain aspects of the business.E. g. their decision to implement a short-haul, point-to-point schedule instead of hub-and-spoke system schedule as well as operating out of a smaller less expensive airport. The decision that proved to be most efficient was their decision to limit their operation to just one type of Jet which went a long way to cutting costs in three major areas: purchasing, maintenance, and training. Conceptual skills: Both CEO and COO are shown to have the mental capacity to understand the overall work and grasp the concepts of the work of the organization.Colleen Barrett sum up the carrier’s culture by saying â€Å"We aren’t in the ‘airline business’; we are in the ‘Customer service business’ and we just happen to fly airplanes. † Diagnostic skills: Jim, Colleen made use of their exemplary diagnostic skills by flying only one type of (standard) Jet and reducing its expenses in every area from purchasing to maintenance to training. This has given them long term systematic advantages over other carriers. Communication skills: CEO Jim Parker, COO Colleen Barrett and rest of the Southwest team have shown excellent communicat ion skills.Although Southwest is highly unionized, it has never experienced a labor strike. The firm’s management sits down personally to negotiate every union contract. Employees have some benefits such as extensive training, a no-layoffs policy and generous profit sharing and stock ownership. These can depicted as the managerial skills which Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett has shown in their roles of being top level managers. Q: Neither Colleen Barrett nor Jim Parker has a formal education in management. Explain then how they can be effective managers.Would formal education help them to be better mangers? Why or why not? Answer: It has been explained that Southwest CEO Jim Parker and COO Colleen Barrett don’t have any formal education in management. Jim Parker was the firm’s lawyer and Colleen Barrett was the human resource manger. But despite not having any formal education in management they both are effective managers. Firstly, Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett have been in the company for a long time and are aware of the procedures regulations.They have a vivid idea of how to do run the company from all the experiences they had working there. Experience is an important factor in the fields of management. The managers should have an outline of how the company runs and should be managed. For example, Colleen Barrett’s knowledge on human resource makes her capable of handling employees proficiently. Secondly, the ideas they have taken over the years has help the company to achieve a lot of organizational goals. They have shown exceptional competence in their managerial duties.They have shown to think in abstract and visualize the most appropriate response. It is always essential for managers to think of the best possible way to handle duties and Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett have successfully done that. So, it could be said they are effective mangers. Of course, they still lack formal management education. And they might actually be more proficient managers if they had formal management education. Extensive knowledge on management gives one the basic managerial skills to handle dilemmas efficiently. It can help understand the managerial roles better and the science and art of management. But as Southwest’s top level managers they have performed extraordinarily and have done an exemplary job of carrying on the carrier’s tradition of success. From this we can perceive that Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett are proficient managers of Southwest even without having formal education in management. Though having extensive knowledge on management might broaden their planning more, they are more than capable of doing their duties as top level managers at Southwest without it. Southwest Still Flies High free essay sample A case study on Southwest Airlines management process. Submitted To Group – K Roll Name Q: Name at least two things that Southwest is doing efficiently. Name at least two things that Southwest is doing effectively. In what ways do efficiency and effectiveness support each other at Southwest? In what ways do they contradict each other? Answer: Efficiency at Southwest Airlines: Efficiency or being efficient in business terms means using an organization’s resources (Human, Finance, Physical and Informational) wisely and in a cost effective way. Efficiency is using managerial skills to minimize losses and reduce expenditure while maximizing the organization’s profits. From this perspective Southwest Airlines has shown efficiency in a couple of factors. This are- Point-to-point schedule Standard aircrafts Carefully chosen routes Carrier operation Point-to-point schedule: Southwest did not adopt the hub-and-spoke system preferring a short-haul, point-to-point schedule instead. Carrier operation: The carrier operates out of smaller, less expensive airports in many major markets. We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest Still Flies High or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Effectiveness in Southwest Airlines: Effectiveness in business terms means making the right decisions and successfully implementing them. Southwest Airlines have shown effectiveness in the following parts- Successful low-cost carrier Use of human resources Successful low-cost carrier: Southwest Airlines is one of the biggest low cost carriers in the world. It uses less capital than any other carriers in United States and maintains their low-cost idea intact. Analyst’s estimates that major carriers would need to reduce expenses by 18. 6 billion to match up its low cost performance. Most other of its competitors can not effectively manage their carriers to counter against Southwest’s strategies. So, it has successfully achieved most of its goals and is a step ahead in the competition. Use of human resources: Although Southwest is highly unionized; it has never experienced a labor strike. That means Southwest use human resource effectively. Successful organizations are both efficient and effective. The Business of Ethics highlights the impact businesses can have when they balance efficiency and effectiveness with social awareness about their role in protecting the natural environment. Efficient actions which are effective: 1. As mentioned, Southwest is a low-cost carrier. The company uses its resources strategically. The company flies only one type of jet (which is standard), prefers a short-haul point-to-point schedule and tries to cut down their expenditure as much as possible. So, the company directs its resources efficiently and fulfilled the organizations goals as a low cost carrier. 2. Southwest focuses greatly on their customers. Customer satisfaction is a top priority at Southwest. It maintains personalized services and customer loyalty. This helps them attain more customer and increase popularity and profits. 3. Southwest’s human resource planning despite being unionized proved to be efficient. They negotiate every union contract personally, never experienced labor strike and seldom have conflicts. This proves they made the right decisions in employee management and has successfully implement them thus making the planning and determining courses of action part of management effective. Actions which were ineffective: 1. According to the passage, Southwest’s stock price is down and there are only a few profits to be shared just now. So, there might some dilemma in the organization. Dilemmas usually indicate that the managing isn’t very effective. 2. It’s been said that Southwest has a no-frills model. Though this is a way to keep the workers assiduous it might have a negative effect on employees sometimes. This concludes the suppositions of efficiency and effectiveness in Southwest’s business actions. Q: Based on the information in the case, describe the managerial skills that Colleeen Barrett and Jim Parker use in their jobs at Southwest. Answer: Colleen Barrett: She first joined as a secretary in the organization. Later she was appointed to human resource manager and eventually became president and chief operating officer. She and Jim Parker have done an exemplary job of carrying the on the carriers tradition of success. Jim Parker: Jim Parker was the company’s corporate counselor. In 2001 when founder and CEO Herb Kelleher retired from his position he assumed the role of CEO and vice president of the board of directors. He and Colleen Barrett have done an exemplary job of carrying the on the carriers tradition of success. The basic managerial skills are- Skill Name Definition Technical skills Understanding the specific kind of work being done in an organization. Interpersonal skills The ability to communicate with, understand and motivate both individuals and groups. Conceptual skills The manager’s ability to think in the abstract. Diagnostic skills The ability to visualize the most appropriate response to a situation. Communication skills Abilities both to effectively convey ideas and information to other and to effectively receive ideas and information from others. Decision-Making skills The manager’s ability to correctly define problems and opportunities and to then select an appropriate course of action. Time-Management skills The manager’s ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and to delegate appropriately. By studying these basic skills we find the skills that Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett use in their jobs as top managers. Which are- Decision-Making skills: Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett made use of their decision making skills by recognizing certain flaws in the way their predecessors handled certain aspects of the business. E. g. their decision to implement a short-haul, point-to-point schedule instead of hub-and-spoke system schedule as well as operating out of a smaller less expensive airport. The decision that proved to be most efficient was their decision to limit their operation to just one type of Jet which went a long way to cutting costs in three major areas: purchasing, maintenance, and training. Conceptual skills: Both CEO and COO are shown to have the mental capacity to understand the overall work and grasp the concepts of the work of the organization. Colleen Barrett sum up the carrier’s culture by saying â€Å"We aren’t in the ‘airline business’; we are in the ‘Customer service business’ and we just happen to fly airplanes. † Diagnostic skills: Jim, Colleen made use of their exemplary diagnostic skills by flying only one type of (standard) Jet and reducing its expenses in every area from purchasing to maintenance to training. This has given them long term systematic advantages over other carriers. Communication skills: CEO Jim Parker, COO Colleen Barrett and rest of the Southwest team have shown excellent communication skills. Although Southwest is highly unionized, it has never experienced a labor strike. The firm’s management sits down personally to negotiate every union contract. Employees have some benefits such as extensive training, a no-layoffs policy and generous profit sharing and stock ownership. These can depicted as the managerial skills which Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett has shown in their roles of being top level managers. Q: Neither Colleen Barrett nor Jim Parker has a formal education in management. Explain then how they can be effective managers. Would formal education help them to be better mangers? Why or why not? Answer: It has been explained that Southwest CEO Jim Parker and COO Colleen Barrett don’t have any formal education in management. Jim Parker was the firm’s lawyer and Colleen Barrett was the human resource manger. But despite not having any formal education in management they both are effective managers. Firstly, Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett have been in the company for a long time and are aware of the procedures regulations. They have a vivid idea of how to do run the company from all the experiences they had working there. Experience is an important factor in the fields of management. The managers should have an outline of how the company runs and should be managed. For example, Colleen Barrett’s knowledge on human resource makes her capable of handling employees proficiently. Secondly, the ideas they have taken over the years has help the company to achieve a lot of organizational goals. They have shown exceptional competence in their managerial duties. They have shown to think in abstract and visualize the most appropriate response. It is always essential for managers to think of the best possible way to handle duties and Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett have successfully done that. So, it could be said they are effective mangers. Of course, they still lack formal management education. And they might actually be more proficient managers if they had formal management education. Extensive knowledge on management gives one the basic managerial skills to handle dilemmas efficiently. It can help understand the managerial roles better and the science and art of management. But as Southwest’s top level managers they have performed extraordinarily and have done an exemplary job of carrying on the carrier’s tradition of success. From this we can perceive that Jim Parker and Colleen Barrett are proficient managers of Southwest even without having formal education in management. Though having extensive knowledge on management might broaden their planning more, they are more than capable of doing their duties as top level managers at Southwest without it.

Ethics and Research in Professional Contexts The WritePass Journal

Ethics and Research in Professional Contexts Introduction Ethics and Research in Professional Contexts ). Therefore, in the case of Mrs K, it can be argued that as a free agent, she should have the final say in her actions and decisions that includes her pregnancy. If she chooses to end her unwanted pregnancy for her own reasons, then she has the right (and the free will) to do so. This reasoning is in fact, reflected in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Act (1948) article 1, ‘all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights’ (Williams, 1981) that establishes human rights as inherent to every human being. However, it must be noted that this article may also be used as an argument against an abortion if a foetus is considered to be a human being, and therefore having its own individual right to life. Many anti-abortion supporters (i.e. pro-life) do indeed support this argument and highlight that an unborn child is an innocent human being and abortion is therefore wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, pro-choice supporters have retorted this position by upholding the concept of â€Å"personhood†. In other words, supporters argue that a foetus does not meet the criteria of personhood and therefore does not have a right to life. This position is echoed in philosophy by Mary Ann Warren who outlines a set of criteria for personhood that include: 1) consciousness of objects and events external and internal, 2) reasoning, 3) self-motivated activity, 4) a capacity to communicate, 5) the presence of a self-concept (Warren, 1996). By these criteria, it is clear that foetuses, although they have t he ability to eventually meet these criteria, would not have a right to life until they are born. Similarly, Peter Singer posits that only a moral agent is capable of having their rights violated, and as the foetus is not a moral agent, it cannot have its rights violated (Singer, 1995). In other words, as a foetus cannot make moral judgements of what is right or wrong, it does not have the same rights as human beings. Although both Warren and Singer propose controversial ideas, the arguments of personhood and moral agency adds further justification to Mrs K’s decision to have an abortion. Mr K In the case study, whilst Mrs K has decided to have an abortion, her husband is against it. From his perspective, he has always wanted a large family and therefore, feels very strongly against an abortion. Given his views, Mrs K’s decision to have an abortion could lead to considerable anger and resentment in her husband which could manifest in marital discord and eventually divorce, all of which would be extremely harmful for their children. Returning to the hedonic calculus, it is therefore important to take into account these potential consequences as they may outweigh the reasons for having an abortion in terms of the happiness of Mrs K and her children. However, at the same time, if Mrs K chose not to have an abortion because of her husband’s views, this could lead to considerable anger and resentment in her and increase her depression and anxiety, which could all negatively impact her children’s welfare. The decision is therefore not clear-cut.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A second reason that Mr K does not agree with the abortion is because of his own religious views. He believes that human pregnancy happens for a divine reason and that man and woman both create a baby and therefore should have an equal say in what happens to that baby. From the Roman Catholic view, the wrongness of abortion is rooted in the Natural Law view that innocent life (i.e. from conception) must be preserved (Hunanae Vitae, 1965). However, it must be noted that in 1993, the Church of England produced â€Å"Abortion and the Church†. In this document, abortion is described as a great moral evil but can be allowed in circumstances in which the foetus endangers the life of the mother or if there is severe foetal disability. Whilst having a baby does not physically endanger Mrs K’s li fe, it can be argued that it endangers her mental life given her depression and anxiety, thereby, justifying an abortion. Moreover, it is important to note that legally, Mr K has no right to demand or refuse a termination under the Abortion Act (1967) Human Rights Act (1998) that place the entire responsibility to the woman. Doctor Health care professionals have a number of responsibilities such as a duty of care to provide women with all the information they need in order to make an informed choice about how to cope with their unplanned pregnancy. The doctor in this case study had the responsibility of making an assessment. Specifically, the doctor must assess the potential impact of pregnancy and birth on Mrs K’s physical and mental health. In fact, the Abortion Act 1967, as amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (House of Commons, 2006), clearly says that a registered medical practitioner has the power to lawfully terminate a pregnancy. However, it is difficult to apply blanket rules when dealing with considerably sensitive and difficult decisions, which require a deeper understanding of a woman’s individual needs and desires. Given the difficulties shrouding a pregnancy termination, doctors play an important role in ensuring that a patient always feels supported. Doctors ar e also responsible for giving appropriate information and counselling about all the options available to patients (BMA, accessed 10/01/13).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this case study, Mrs K strongly felt that having an abortion would be the best decision and her doctor should therefore be able to respect her decision. Her doctor should act as a guide and act in the best interest of Mrs K (Pfeffer, 2002). The 1967 Abortion Act also refers to a doctor’s â€Å"rights to follow the dictates of their own conscience† (Pfeffer, 2002). The Doctor therefore, obviously considered Mrs K’s depression and mental capacity and found it suitable to refer her to a clinic. The doctor also was able to see that Mrs K was mentally fit to understand th e procedure and its alternatives (BMA, accessed 10/01/13). Conclusion There is no doubt that abortion is a controversial and hotly debated topic in a variety of academic and professional spheres, and different viewpoints are infused with biological, moral and societal complexity. It is clear that there are numerous positions that people can adopt such as a Utilitarian point of view, a religious perspective, or a personal view when seeing an action as moral or immoral. In this particular case study, given Mrs K’s depression, her current family situation and her strong wishes to have an abortion, I believe that her decision is the right one. As a woman, Mrs K has a right to make her own choices and lead her own life in equality with, not under the control of her husband. Moreover, the fact that Mrs K has become pregnant as a result of a contraceptive failure strengthens her decision, as her pregnancy did not come about from carelessness, but from forces outside of Mrs K’s control.   References Bentham, J. (1789). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. London. Beachamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2001). Principles of Biomedical Ethics (5th Edition). Oxford University Press. British Medical Association, The law and ethics of abortion. Accessed 10/01/13 from: www.bma.org.uk/-/media/Files/PDFs//Ethics/lawethicsabortionnov07.pdf Caruso, G. D. (2012). Free Will and Consciousness: A Determinist Account of the Illusion of Free Will. Lexington Books. Fieser, J. (2009). Ethics. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accessed 10/01/13 from iep.utm.edu/ethics/ House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee. Scientific Developments Relating to the Abortion Act 1967. (Volume 1). Accessed 10/01/13 from: publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmsctech/1045/1045i.pdf Humanae Vitae: Encyclical Letter of His Holiness Pope Paul VI, on the regulation of Births (1965). Pfeffer, N. (2002) Fertility counts: from equity to outcome in S. Sturdy (ed.), Medicine, Health and the public sphere in Britain, 1600-2000 (pp. 260-278). Routledge. Singer, P. (1995). Animal Liberation (2nd Edition). Pimlico. Tschudin, V. (1994). Deciding Ethically: A Practical Approach to Nursing Challenges. London: Bailliere Tindall. Warren, M. A. â€Å"On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion in T.A. Mappes and D. DeGrazia, (Eds.), Biomedical Ethics (1996), New York, McGraw-Hill, Inc, pp.  434-440. Williams, P. (1981). United Nations. General Assembly. The International bill of human rights. Entwhistle Books.

How to Make Homemade Ink in 4 Easy Recipes

How to Make Homemade Ink in 4 Easy Recipes Ink is one of the practical contributions of chemistry. Using basic materials found at craft supply stores, you can make invisible inks and tattoo inks in addition to writing and drawing inks. Although some ink recipes are closely guarded secrets, the basic principles of preparing ink are simple. All you have to do is mix pigment with a carrier (usually water). It helps to include a chemical that  will allow the ink to flow fluidly and adhere to the paper (typically gum arabic, which is sold in powdered form). Black Permanent Ink  Recipe The most popular ink, black permanent ink can be prepared at home using the following materials: 1/2 tsp lamp black (This you can buy or make yourself by holding a plate over a candle and collecting the soot, or by collecting another form of char.)1 egg yolk1 tsp gum arabic1/2 cup honey Mix together the egg yolk, gum arabic, and honey. Stir in the lamp black. This will produce a thick paste that you can store in a sealed container. To use the  ink, mix this paste with a small amount of water to achieve the desired consistency. Applying a small amount of heat may improve the consistency of the solution, but be careful- too much heat will make the ink difficult to write with. Brown Ink  Recipe Brown ink is a popular alternative to black ink and can be prepared without any char or lamp black. All you need to make it is: 4 teaspoons loose tea or 4-5 tea bags1 teaspoon gum arabic1/2 cup boiling water Pour the boiling water over the tea. Allow the tea to steep for about 15 minutes. Squeeze as much tea (tannin) as possible from the tea or teabags. Stir in the gum arabic and mix until you have a consistent solution. Strain the ink so that you are left with a thick paste and allow it to cool before bottling it. Prussian Blue Ink  Recipe An even simpler recipe, and one that produces a bold color, is this recipe for Prussian blue, which painters have been using since the early 1700s. All you need to make it is: Prussian Blue pigment (sometimes sold as laundry bluing)Water Mix the pigment into the water until you have a rich blue ink with a thick consistency. Unless you happen to have a calligraphy pen, the easiest way to use these inks is with a homemade quill or a paintbrush. Blackberry Ink Recipe Like the recipe above, this one produces a rich blue ink, but one that is darker and made entirely of natural materials. To make it, you will need: 1 cup blackberries1/2 cup water1/2 tsp gum arabic4 drops thyme oil First, heat the blackberries in the water, pressing them to release the juice. Once the mixture is dark blue and all of the juice is released, strain the mixture and stir in the gum arabic until you have produced a thick paste. Add the thyme oil and stir. Allow the ink to cool before bottling it.

Dome of the rock-research chorniclers and pilgrims narratives through Essay

Dome of the rock-research chorniclers and pilgrims narratives through the time period of the structure and religious changes mainly through the time 600-1244 - Essay Example Islam as a religion has been faced with massive dissent and this has influenced its historical development as a religion found within the Middle East. During the time of Muhammad, Muslims would pray facing Jerusalem as it was considered as the Theqibla. However, the growth of other monotheist religions who believed that Jerusalem was the holy city influenced the decision of the prophet to change and begin paying pilgrimage to mecca. In the 17th century, the rivalry between the Muslims led to division and this prompted Chaliph Abd El-Malik to discourage his followers from paying pilgrimage to mecca, leading to a shift to Jerusalem among this faction (Kaplony 91). To strengthen the use of Jerusalem as the direction to face during prayers, the leader built the dome of the rock believing that this will assist him in convincing most of his followers to change. The establishment of the dome within Jerusalem, a city revered by Muslims created controversies and wars but the Muslims were able to retain their symbolic image in the city after enduring the impacts of the wars. Accessibility into the dome of the rock has been restricted for a long time though it has been considered as a tourist site in the country. Before 1967, non-Muslims were not granted access into the mosque though this was changed and limited access has been allowed to other people under strict supervision of security officers. Palestinian residents have been restricted from accessing the site due to security concerns that have existed within the west bank area (Pringle 43). However, Palestinian-Israelis are allowed to access the dome without limitation though security checks are beefed up to avoid the possibility of an attack. Access of the dome of the rock or the mosque’s prayer area is prohibited for non-Muslims during prayer days and on Muslim holy days. Though tourists have flocked the area to witness the magnificent structure, the Jewish orthodox rabbis

When Things Fall Apart by Chodrun from chapter 1 to 18 Essay

When Things Fall Apart by Chodrun from chapter 1 to 18 - Essay Example Difficulties of life like aging, illness, getting what they do not want and many more are facts. The Buddha also faces these challenges. The teaching goes on stating that what causes unhappiness is when someone wants to avoid the facts of life and try to find happiness (Von Rosenberg 15). Turning upside down enables individuals to think upside down.Pema Chodrun states that suffering has a great role to play in our lives. Suffering will motivate people to look for answers to the problems us facing. Through suffering people, learn to have the feeling of empathy for other people facing the same problem. Through right thinking, we create the feeling of compassion for ourselves. We are compassionate on every part of ourselves that are unwanted. Compassion will create a room of relief and joy in us. It is a fundamental thing for everyone to feel happiness and in any case, when we start feeling unhappy, depressed we think that we lost something or we made a mistake (Von Rosenberg 19). When we incorporate the right thinking, we will appreciate suffering and view pain as a transformation to have the right thinking. When someone faces pain, we always look for happiness and satisfaction rather than having the right thinking and honor the quality of precisely what is happening in your life. It makes people run away from discomfort facing them. The situation makes them disappointed and unhappy Thus, Pema Chodrun urges one to have the right thinking and view situations like this as trying to develop our inner strengths (Von Rosenberg 21). What is more important is considering the inner strength as something that is only available when we are facing discomfort. When certain situation threatens us, we need to view first how we found ourselves at the discomfort. Inner strength will help find why we are in the situation. Pema Chodrun urges that we should accept

Devising As A Journey Of Exploration And Discovery Theatre Essay

Devising As A Journey Of Exploration And Discovery Theatre Essay Devising is a very fluid form of theatre. Taking inspirations from anywhere and everywhere, a devised performance can be in any form and on any topic. This style is in direct contrast to scripted theatre, where a text is laying out the plot, direction, characters and details of the final performance. Although there is freedom for a personal interpretation of the overall view and form of the piece, the rehearsals and performances are confined by what has already been decided by the playwright. But devising is unlimited, in which a company can produce a performance on any theme or topic, taking ideas from any part of life and producing something new and fresh †¦the precise nature of the end product [of devised theatre] is unknown. In conventional theatre, however, everyone knows the production is, for example, Shakespeares Hamlet from the outset. (Oddey, 7) An example of a devising piece is the recent Fairytale Mash-Up which I was involved in as an actor. For this our original stimulus was a collection of short fairytale stories, some of which were familiar and others were unknown to the group. On reading the stories we found them to be surprisingly gruesome, which was something that is not necessarily picked up when a fairytale is heard as a child, such as the butcher cutting off the girls feet in Red Shoes. This was an unexpected twist and was the main basis of the beginning of our idea, as we decided from the very start that the Fairy Godmother would be dead, and therefore would not make all dreams come true as is usually expected of this character. Already we had a new interpretation of a classic idea, but our own input had discovered a new alternative. As oak trees grow from small acorns (Greet, Why Devise) and all ideas must stem from somewhere, the actors within a devising group are responsible with feeding new ideas into the group to create more diversity within the piece. Through this an actor has the power to get what they individually want from the piece and therefore it becomes more personal for the actors. It becomes their piece in a deeper way than, for example, a Chekhov play would, as it is inspired by their own ideas and experiences. In the Mash-Up I personally wanted something from it, having not attempted a murder mystery before and having not explored the true possibilities within comedic theatre. Devising allows us, as actors, to explore ourselves, our possibilities and our limitations. Sarah Kane believed that if something could be imagined then there was a way of reproducing it on a stage, and with this in mind an actor can explore distant memories and fantastical stories in aid of a devised performance. As every human is unique and no two people have the same experiences, a devised company has a whole variety of stimulus that is previously unseen and unexplored by a public audience. In this, the not knowing is clear, as at the start of development of a piece nobody knows what will be their influences and stimuli, and this creates a feeling of excitement and in return provides energy for the piece. This, as a result, means inevitably every devised piece will always be original due to the fact that a different group of actors will provide different motivations, due to the contrasting relationships within the group. In the 1960s a group was formed called the People Show and their performances relied on the differences and conflict between individual artists within the group, which changed with every new shows situation, conditions and circumstances. Every show was a unique devising performance. (Oddey, 5-6) This company is an ideal representation of a devising company, as they are described as a group of individual artists in collaboration with each other, taking risks, having a sense of unknown at the start of the devising process (Oddey, 6). It is this risk-taking that is important to devising, as people need to lose their inhibitions for true inspiration and new ideas to form. Having worked with members of my group before there were connections for some, but others were new relationships that had to be built during the development process. A benefit of this was that fresh eyes on an actor would see a talent within them that had maybe not been explored before, that their closer friends would have overlooked as being too obvious. In this risks were taken, not all of which were successes but by doing rehearsals we allowed the freedom and non-judgement of an idea so that even if only a tiny aspect of it was used later, we made it so that actors would not fear having ideas rejected within the group. One of the main techniques within devising is improvisation, which in reality is the basis of most devised work. This is a spontaneous activity, and therefore allows freedom, as an actor is not tied down by any limits, there is no final destination laid out in advance and there is limited if any direction made. The actor can be in the moment, without having to concern his thoughts with the next moment: Nothing is fixed and absolute, it is in flux, what will the next moment be? (Bentley, 78) In improvisation the next moment is not important, it is about focusing on the current and feeling free to explore in the present without fear of the future. Not all improvisation goes well, and more than often it takes more than several tries to find something worth anything, which is why continued improvisation is vital for discovering new things, because if a company always goes with the first idea they limit themselves greatly where they should be free to pick and choose from many ideas. Addit ionally a benefit of devised work is that even a concept that has been weeks in processing can be dropped if needed something that is not so possible within scripted work. In our piece we swapped and changed characters as we felt needed one member was set to be the Fairy Godmother before this was changed weeks in, but it was discovered that this actually allowed the original actor to experience more, having been able to try out more than one character until she found one that would fit with what she wanted out of the devising experience. Additionally, original characters like a reclusive genie were dropped as we felt necessary, and in early stages we were regularly swapping characters until we found an option that gave everyone the best opportunities for themselves and for the group. WE toyed with the idea of simply picking out characters from a hat then performing as them or producing still images without discussing it, but this became more complicated as some were drawn more to a certain character and struggled with more obscure options. As time went on and the piece became more complex and structured, one group member produced poems which acted as monologues for all the different characters, so in time we found ourselves structuring scenes around these poems as more were produced. It was quite interesting combining improvisation with scripted work, as we could improvise and develop until we found a place where the poem fit, and once it was done we would improvise the end of the scene as well. This meant that we could feel sure that the scene would have a point but we would still have the freedom to play around the set information. Additionally, as all the scenes were flashbacks for various murder suspects, there was no set order for them to be in, so this also added the opportunity to play with different orders to study the flow of energy from one to another before finding the right arrangement. Oddey says how thinking on your feet allows the individual to respond to new ideas or thoughts spontaneously, to sense and react to others so that the interaction or combined operation often produces unknown or unseen fresh material. This is not to underestimate the value of or importance of group discussion, but to point out the danger of becoming preoccupied with talking (155) and this is definitely a significant point. In our group we found that discussion was best left until after trying out some free improvisation and even then it needed to be brief otherwise it became compressing. We gave ourselves strict time limits and this meant that there wasnt time to talk and added concentrated energy into a moment, which often created new and exciting results. Devising is also about exploring how common ideas and regular day-to-day things can be flipped on their head and transformed into brand new perspectives, thereby challenging our preconceptions. (DV8, Artistic Policy) Theatres priority is to get a message across or to make an audience feel something particular, and more than often this is done through opening their eyes to the obvious but unexpected. This is the use of the known rather than the not known but has just as much if not more of an impact on viewers. The forgotten and the ignored are just as important as the undiscovered and in fact these things make it more personal and an actors own memories or feelings have a real power to shape plot or characters. Additionally, using influences from outside of theatre is very important and often not considered. For Frantic Assembly neither of its artistic directors has a formal background in drama, theatre or dance. In creating work, the company relies on influences that lie, for the mo st part, outside the realm of theatre and its regular forms and practise. (Frantic, †¦uk/p110.html) For our work we were inspired greatly by the 2001 film Shrek and used nursery rhymes for development in one scene. By looking further than common theatre techniques and looking outside the box, we found more options for variety within the piece. The physical company DV8s focus of the creative approach is on reinventing†¦ with meaning, particularly where this has been lost through formalised techniques (Artistic Policy). Another skill in devising is the use of play and re-exploring our childish minds, though not pretending to play as a child, but rediscovering the intensity of focus we experience as children (Greet, Why Devise), as this removes inhibitions and helps to reintroduce the more fantastical creative imaginations we once had. Consequently it makes actors less fearful of bad ideas and therefore less afraid to be more outrageous and experimental. One can then look beyond self-perceived limitations (Frantic, †¦uk/p106.html) and find a more energetic side, which means that physical theatre is achieved much more easily. Even closing ones eyes makes judgement less threatening which provides opportunity for even more exploration. In devising, the aim is to produce brand new theatre that has not been seen before. We found in our company that we often did not know what would happen next; in fact the murderer was not decided until well into the rehearsal process. It made no sense to know the end before the beginning or middle, so we did not rush this decision. Our piece was not a search for knowledge, but for the unknown. (Barba, 5), so knowing the ending would have confined us and limited exploration, constantly distracted by the final message of the piece. Even if two companies did a performance of The Caucasian Chalk Circle for example, completely uninfluenced by each other, they would still be telling the same story. This is why for our piece we used well-known characters but then added a twist, such as Cinderella actually being an obsessive cleaner. By exploring all of our different possibilities we did discover new opportunities and new perspectives on theatre as a whole. The real discovery, however, comes at the end, when we watch it back and see what we have achieved from scratch, and finally acknowledge and notice how our own input has provided a brand new interpretation: Now we have made a journey in our own home. True travellers know this experience very well: the unknown world is discovered when one returns. (Barba, 146)

Art Appreciation: Romare Bearden

Therefore there is a rose in the painting as well I believe that is symbolizes the young lady worth. It appears someone was giving her a rose to make her feel better. The angel that appears in the painting symbolizes comfort, patience, protection, understanding, and others. Bearden painting symbolizes that the African American struggles were not a Joke. In those times it symbolizes that it was still racism going on ith our culture.We were losing our Jobs, because we had people fighting for our rights, girls that were at the age of twelve had to quit school because they had to help out in their homes. This painting symbolizes a lot of things that was going on in the early and late 1960's. As I said once before that the angel was there for many reasons as in comfort for the struggle, protection from the pain and destruction, understanding that there will be better times, and Jobs. Romare Bearden, Rocket to the Moon, 1971 to me is my favorite painting.It is really a collage fragments bu ild a scene of quiet despair and stoic perservance. You can see in the painting that the rocket is headed to moon; however, while urban life below remains punctuated by a red stop-light. The definition of Stoic is an ancient Greek school of philosophy that asserted that happiness can only be achieved by accepting life's up and downs. In this painting you have a lot of things that symbolizes the African American culture. The black cat represents the black panthers that were a group of an organization ith people who were fghting back for the black people.The picture of Martin Luther King Jr. symbolizes that he was involved in the Civil Rights Movement and he was an activist for the NAACP. I believe that this whole picture symbolizes the Harlem Renaissance that was going on in Harlem, New York. The Harlem Renaissance involves Langston Hughes, the different types of music, different type of dances, and different type of visual arts too. The Harlem Renaissance has brought African America n to Justice to say we have something we can abide to. I believe that the red ight symbolizes to stop the violence and stop the racism.I believe that the green light symbolizes to let's look at situations in a ditterent way than what the way we see them. Bearden makes an ironic statement, placing that we as African American has accomplished and still are making history every day. Bearden use a great visual statement placing America's accomplishments in space alongside the stalled social and economic progress of many urban areas. As I come to my conclusion, Bearden use his visual art to describe the past, present, and future.He symbolizes that in Prevalence of Ritual, Tidings, 1967, there was an angel to protect and comfort the young lady through whatever her case was. The rose symbolizes that she has a destiny and a worth. The present symbolizes that we have angels that surrounds us every day. We as women have rights and have a destiny that can be fulfilled if we Just hold fast to o ur dreams. The future reference is to hope for better days, we have rights to do such as vote, and to visual art to is extinct to express who we are , our success, and where we come from.

The Ultimate Solution for List of Social Justice Issues That You Can Learn About Today

The Ultimate Solution for List of Social Justice Issues That You Can Learn About Today Getting the Best List of Social Justice Issues The period justice usually means that folks are treated in accord with their deserts. Joshua Cohen disputes his claims based on how some poor nations have done well with the present institutional design. It's the gravest of all crimes in the opinion of the law. After all, you're using the laws framed by the founders of the usa, and those resonate with the concept that all men are made equal. It is essential to make sure that you implement social justice values in your household instead of just on the world wide web. On-line service providers that allow all types of user generated content are faced with assorted copyright infringement problems. Some databases also incorporate unredacted criminal investigative material which is not subject to public information laws. Even if a particular exception isn't met, the government may still restrain speech in many ways, based on the means utilized. Poverty results in inadequate healthcare which creates a larger burden of securing funds to pay for health treatments for the poor. Policy issues can relate to the medical insurance industry in the us too. Social justice doesn't always need to be about something which has a monumental scale, like obtaining a law passed by Congress. Social justice is all about the little individuals, not grand gestures. As a consequence, there's been disagreement in the interpretation of what conduct could lead to liability. In many instances, the harshness of the crime can land a defendant in the adult court system irrespective of age. It doesn't conduct investigations. There is not any evidence of targeting or some other impropriety related to his selection for testing. Classrooms can also offer time for collaboration toward a frequent objective. Students and teachers might even be inspired to begin their very own philanthropic cause! STEM education is critical for a wholesome economy. Comprehensive civics education is essential for a wholesome democracy. List of Social Justice Issues - the Story Small, courageous steps are able to make a difference! As opposed to just considering the person who has needs, social justice requires a step back to have a look at the social, political, or financial aspects which are affecting whole groups of men and women in crisis. The policies affecting social workers today can result in food deserts forming and people who are unable to afford to become sick. This fundamental freedom involves the right to distribute literature and go over a great number of viewseven views distasteful to the majority of people. Part of this relates to the individuals who grew to depend on those services while unemployed before, but in addition, it can relate to the absence of funding those services get and to the individuals using those services but don't require assist. Social workers in rural locations, therefore, must be ready for the distinctive environment they will face on a daily basis. Becoming mindful of the problems happening in the nation and the world and wanting to understand marginalized people is quite important. A woman in practically every nation in the world is disadvantaged by an international system of male privilege. The fact is that a man's experience isn't exactly like a woman's experience. Ethnocentrism is a system which elevates one particular culture above another, judging different groups as inferior dependent on the standards and values of an individual's own culture. For instance, if you find you've white privilege, you can find out the way you can bring issues of racial justice to the front part of the table in spaces that you've got access to that people of color may not. There's no limit to the notion of sharing. Being a real person of color doesn't indicate you've got the authority to talk on behalf of black people if you're a non-black person of color. The issue with using a comparison to determine value is the fact that it unquestionably assumes there is a value to be measured.

Sarah Cole A Type Of Love Story - 897 Words

In â€Å"Sarah Cole: A Type of Love Story†, Russell Banks uses story elements that are important to remember when writing a short story. He creates a unique character whose actions and comments are different from what he thinks. This create an internal conflict for the main character that is written in a seamless way that allows the reader to interpret Banks’s writing. This author is also capable of having one character with two distinct voices and only allowing those to bleed together when it mirrors the confusion that his characters feel within the story. Banks creates an ending that provides an explanation and answers any questions the reader may have, which is what a good ending should do. For a writer seeking new techniques to incorporate into their own writing, Banks provides many experienced examples. Something that Banks does that is very interesting is that he creates this conflict within his character Ron. This speaker repeatedly tells the reader that he does not find Sarah Cole, he makes a key point to clarify it often, but he continues this relationship with this women that he says he has no attraction for. Ron never states a reason why he wants a relationship with this woman. It may be that he was just seeking something different and Sarah was different because she happened to be an older, divorced, unattractive mother. She didn’t fit into his attractive, wealthy life. After his divorce, his inexplicable attraction to Sarah may have been just something to cope withShow MoreRelatedSarah Cole : a Type of Love Story2200 Words   |  9 PagesLewis English 1A 3 October 2012 Opposite ends of the same stick In â€Å"Sarah Cole: A Type of Love Story† by Russell Banks, the main character Ron believing himself to be so much more above the woman he once dated because of his great looks. Ron was a successful lawyer in the state of New Hampshire when he met a woman named Sarah Cole. 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Sadly, that is exactly what happen to Sarah Cole in Russell Banks’ short story entitled, â€Å"Sarah Cole: A Type of Love Story.† The man who dated Sarah for a short period of time tells the tale. He calls himself Ron, for Ron could have been him, but he doesn’t want to say who he is for fear of looking cruel. He wants to believe what he did was right when he left her. They both didn’tRead MoreTechnologys Impact on Modern Life Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagessuffer adverse effects from the over use of wireless technology devices, even for the purpose of education. While it is not surprising that digital media can take learning experiences to another level, and spark creativity in students as well, this type of learning does not come without great cost. 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(74) Blanche Coles states in Shakespeares Four Giants that, regarding guilt in the play: Briefly stated, and with elaborations to follow, Macbeth is the story of a kindly, upright man who was incited and goaded, by the woman he deeply loved, into committing a murder and then, because of his sensitive nature, was unable to bear the heavyRead MoreEssay about Soap Opera Genre2899 Words   |  12 Pageslife of its characters. Soaps are a consistent set of values based on personal relationships, on women’s responsibility for the maintenance of these relationships and the applicability of the family model to structures. In soap operas at least one story line is carried over from one episode to the next. Successful soaps may continue for many years: so new viewers have to be able to join in at any stage in the serial. In serials, the passage of time also appears to reflect real time for the viewers: